Antibacterial acƟvity of essential oil and leaf extracts from Cleistocalyx operculatus Roxb. Merr. et Perry (Myrtaceae)
Các tác giả
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59294/HIUJS2026072Từ khóa:
Cleistocalyx operculatus, extract, essenƟal oil, anƟbacterial acƟvity, MICTóm tắt
Background: Cleistocalyx operculatus is a tradiƟonal medicinal plant widely consumed in Vietnam and known to contain various bioacƟve consƟtuents. However, comparaƟve data on the anƟbacterial acƟvity of its leaf essenƟal oil and solvent extracts remain limited. ObjecƟve: This study aimed to compare the anƟbacterial acƟvity of the essenƟal oil and different leaf extracts of C. operculatus against selected bacterial strains. Materials and methods: Dried leaves of C. operculatus were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extracƟon using 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and disƟlled water. The total flavonoid content was determined using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. EssenƟal oil was obtained from fresh leaves by steam disƟllaƟon. AnƟbacterial acƟvity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Bacillus subƟlis ATCC 6633 using the agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentraƟon (MIC) values were determined by agar diluƟon. Results: The 70% ethanol extract showed the highest TFC (35.963 mg QE/g dry extract) and the strongest anƟbacterial acƟvity, parƟcularly against S. aureus (MIC 0.3125 mg/mL). The water extract exhibited moderate acƟvity, whereas the 50% ethanol extract showed limited effects. EssenƟal oil was acƟve only against Gram-posiƟve bacteria with MIC values of 0.50% against S. aureus and 1.00% against B. subƟlis Conclusion: The 70% ethanol extract demonstrated the greatest anƟbacterial potenƟal, while the leaf essenƟal oil exhibited selecƟve acƟvity against Gram-posiƟve bacteria. These findings support the potenƟal of C. operculatus leaves as a promising source of natural anƟbacterial agents for further invesƟgaƟon.
Abstract
Background: Cleistocalyx operculatus is a tradiƟonal medicinal plant widely consumed in Vietnam and known to contain various bioacƟve consƟtuents. However, comparaƟve data on the anƟbacterial acƟvity of its leaf essenƟal oil and solvent extracts remain limited. ObjecƟve: This study aimed to compare the anƟbacterial acƟvity of the essenƟal oil and different leaf extracts of C. operculatus against selected bacterial strains. Materials and methods: Dried leaves of C. operculatus were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extracƟon using 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and disƟlled water. The total flavonoid content was determined using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. EssenƟal oil was obtained from fresh leaves by steam disƟllaƟon. AnƟbacterial acƟvity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Bacillus subƟlis ATCC 6633 using the agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentraƟon (MIC) values were determined by agar diluƟon. Results: The 70% ethanol extract showed the highest TFC (35.963 mg QE/g dry extract) and the strongest anƟbacterial acƟvity, parƟcularly against S. aureus (MIC 0.3125 mg/mL). The water extract exhibited moderate acƟvity, whereas the 50% ethanol extract showed limited effects. EssenƟal oil was acƟve only against Gram-posiƟve bacteria with MIC values of 0.50% against S. aureus and 1.00% against B. subƟlis Conclusion: The 70% ethanol extract demonstrated the greatest anƟbacterial potenƟal, while the leaf essenƟal oil exhibited selecƟve acƟvity against Gram-posiƟve bacteria. These findings support the potenƟal of C. operculatus leaves as a promising source of natural anƟbacterial agents for further invesƟgaƟon.
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