Tổng quan ứng dụng lâm sàng đường truyền PICC và vai trò điều dưỡng

Ngô Thanh Hải; Trần Quang Huy

doi:10.59294/HIUJS2026030

Từ khóa:

PICC, ứng dụng lâm sàng, điều dưỡng

Tóm tắt

Đặt vấn đề: Catheter tĩnh mạch trung tâm đặt từ ngoại vi (PICC) là giải pháp an toàn và hiệu quả cho truyền tĩnh mạch ngắn - dài hạn. Vai trò điều dưỡng trong đặt và quản lý PICC có thể ảnh hưởng đến biến cố và thời gian lưu. Mục tiêu: Tổng hợp các bằng chứng cập nhật về ứng dụng lâm sàng của PICC và phân tích vai trò điều dưỡng trong quản lý đường truyền PICC. Phương pháp: Tổng quan tường thuật có cấu trúc theo PRISMA 2020; tìm kiếm tài liệu 2000 - 2025; 19 nghiên cứu phù hợp được tổng hợp định tính. Kết quả: Bằng chứng cho thấy đặt dưới hướng dẫn siêu âm tăng tỷ lệ thành công; biến chứng trong thời gian lưu có thể giảm khi áp dụng quy trình chăm sóc chuẩn; mô hình do điều dưỡng thực hiện (nurse-led) khả thi. Kết luận: PICC là lựa chọn phù hợp cho điều trị kéo dài vài tuần đến vài tháng. Khuyến nghị: Ưu tiên hướng dẫn siêu âm, chuẩn hóa quy trình đặt và chăm sóc, triển khai đào tạo/giám sát cho điều dưỡng.

Abstract

Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are an effective option for medium-term intravenous therapy. Nurse involvement in insertion and maintenance may influence complication rates and catheter dwell time. Objective: Update evidence on clinical use of PICCs and the nursing role in picc management. Methods: Structured narrative review following PRISMA 2020; literature from 2000 - 2025; 19 studies were synthesized qualitatively. Results: Ultrasound-guided insertion improves technical success. Standardized maintenance protocols are associated with lower complications rates. Nurse-led PICC services are feasible. Conclusions: PICCs are appropriate for therapy, lasting weeks to months. Recommendations include ultrasound guidance, protocol standardization, nurse training, and quality monitoring.

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